{"id":3360,"date":"2021-03-05T11:15:44","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T05:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/?p=3360"},"modified":"2021-07-07T10:56:13","modified_gmt":"2021-07-07T05:26:13","slug":"lets-talk-about-artificial-insemination-a-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/?p=3360","title":{"rendered":"Let\u2019s talk about Artificial Insemination (A.I)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>-Dr. Partha Pratim Borah<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Veterinary Officer<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Regional A.I. Centre, Lehugaon <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Biswanath Chariali (Assam)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Artificial Insemination is a method that involves a deliberate introduction of sperm inside a female&#8217;s cervix. It helps in achieving pregnancy through <em>in vivo<\/em> fertilization without any sexual intercourse. Artificial Insemination (AI) has lots of benefit, especially to the dairy farmers. It provides them access to the best available genetics and helps them in supporting animal health and safety.&nbsp; It allows farmers to avail the best bull or male germplasm from all across the world. It thus helps them to promote the production, health attributes, fertility and survival rate of their dairy cattle through a balanced approach to breeding.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Current methods used for Artificial Insemination: <\/strong>Artificial Insemination consists of the following methods:<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Collection and Evaluation of Semen:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Various semen collection methods have been used since the advent of AI. The older ineffective methods have been steadily substituted for better modern techniques. At present, there are three standard methods of semen collection:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use of Artificial vagina<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Electro-stimulation method.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Massaging the ampullae of ductus differences<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Use of Artificial Vagina is by far the safest method both for the sire and the collector. Once the semen is collected, it is tested and evaluated for the possible presence of virus and bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Preservation of the collected Semen:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The evaluated semen is then frozen and stored. There are two ways of freezing semen-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Using solid carbon dioxide and alcohol below-100 degrees F<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Using liquid nitrogen at -320 degrees F (-196 degree Centigrade).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Liquid nitrogen is better than dry ice because it does not contribute to the deterioration of fertility with age. Frozen semen can be saved indefinitely if a proper temperature is sustained.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The process of Artificial Insemination:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Different techniques of insemination are used in different species of animals. The three principal methods used are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recto-vaginal method<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Speculum method<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vaginal method<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Recto Vaginal Method<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is the safest and most reliable method of insemination. Here a gun stuffed with semen straw is transferred through the vulva of a cow to its vagina and cervix. As soon as the gun enters the cervix, the semen is deposited through injection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Speculum Method<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here a speculum is set up in the vagina of the animal which provides an outside passage for insemination. Then an inseminating pipe is passed through this speculum that deposits semen into the cervix.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Vaginal Method<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here a qualified inseminator passes his hand through the animal&#8217;s vagina and deposits the semen through an injection. This method involves a certain degree of risk because it can damage the female genitalia.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Advantages of Artificial Insemination over Natural Service<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">AI is the most effective tool available to dairy farmers and it helps them to enhance both their productivity and profitability. There are plenty of advantages of AI over natural mating methods. Some of them are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Artificial Insemination boosts the efficiency of bull usage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is a cost-effective method.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It prevents transmission of disease germs that occurs during natural mating.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It helps in promoting breeding efficiency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is useful in creating a progeny with better genetics for greater profits.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Challenges of the current methods used<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Although Artificial Insemination is an excellent breeding technique for milch animals, most Indian farmers aren&#8217;t aware of it. Thus the current method suffers from the following downfalls:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It requires more time than natural breeding techniques.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Improper sanitization can often lead to lower fertility rates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If the bull used is not healthy, then it can spread genital diseases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It requires prior technical knowledge that can only be gained through proper education in the relevant field.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Future of Artificial Insemination<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The application of AI in livestock will probably continue to increase in future. AI not only promotes more productive and efficient livestock but also leads to the application of several modern breeding techniques. When coupled with other biotechnologies like cryopreservation, single layer centrifugation and sperm sex selection, it can significantly enhance the profits of dairy farmers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Furthermore, sex-sorted semen technology has been developed by the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) that ensures the birth of female calves exclusively. The first female calf was born in October 2020 in Chennai with the help of this technology. Although the sex-sorted semen technology is currently a property of only a few multi-national companies, various companies are trying to provide the dairy farmers access at a cheaper rate. With this technology, dairy farmers would produce female calves as per requirements that would also boost their financial advantage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">AI has revolutionized animal breeding in recent times. The AI industry has increased dramatically in the last few decades and is now widely used in intensive animal production.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Reference:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases by Stephen J. Roberts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Artificial Insemination in bovine and reproductive health management in dairy animals by Sarvajeet Yadav, Anuj Kumar and Amit Singh<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Textbook of Veterinary Gynaecology, Artificial Insemination, Obstetrics and Assisted Reproduction By S.K. Bandyopadhyay, B. Bhattacharyya, Ravindra Roy Choudhary and Siddhartha Basu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/A_I_IN_CATTLE_BioNE-upload.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>-Dr. Partha Pratim Borah Veterinary Officer Regional A.I. Centre, Lehugaon Biswanath Chariali (Assam) &nbsp; Artificial Insemination is a method that involves a deliberate introduction of sperm inside a female&#8217;s cervix. It helps in achieving pregnancy through in vivo fertilization without any sexual intercourse. Artificial Insemination (AI) has lots of benefit, especially to the dairy farmers&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-school-zone","category-schoolzone17th"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3360"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3365,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3360\/revisions\/3365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}