{"id":4162,"date":"2022-05-09T12:25:23","date_gmt":"2022-05-09T06:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/?p=4162"},"modified":"2022-08-09T09:52:54","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T04:22:54","slug":"phytoremediation-an-approach-with-prospect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/?p=4162","title":{"rendered":"Phytoremediation- An approach with prospect"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Chhan Kumar Kalita<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">P.G. 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Semester, Department of Botany<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Nowgong College (Autonomous), Nagaon, Assam<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Introduction:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Just as our body needs a balanced diet to stay healthy, the environment also needs a balanced amount of substances. If a substance is present in more than its threshold ratio or an unfavorable substance gets added, it pollutes the surrounding environment. Due to lack of vision and carelessness attitude of human beings, the areas of land, surface waters and ground water are affected by contamination from industrial, agricultural, household activities, which has become a serious dilemma of the hour. In these days, although various methods have put on track to the treatment of the contaminating agents, most of these mechanisms or methods are too sophisticated and expensive to operate practically.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Taking into consideration all these facts, the use of \u2018Phytoremediation\u2019 techniques for treatment of contaminants could be a feasible alternative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>What is \u2018Phytoremediation\u2019?<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In Greek, the word \u2018<em>Phyto<\/em>\u2019 means \u2018plant\u2019 and in Latin the word \u2018<em>remedium<\/em>\u2019 means \u2018to restore\u2019. Phytoremediation can be defined as <em>\u201cthe efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize the environmental contaminants in a growth matrix (soil, water or sediments) through the natural biological activities and plant processes\u201d. <\/em>This process can be used to clean up the contaminants, i.e. metals, pesticides, crude oil, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons etc. from a particular body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Pathways of \u2018Phytoremediation\u2019:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are some specific techniques or pathways associated with \u2018Phytoremediation\u2019. These are &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phyto-stimulation:<\/strong> This process is also called rhizosphere degradation. In this process, the soil microbial activity for the degradation of organic contaminants gets enhanced in the rhizosphere region.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phyto-volatilization:<\/strong> In this process, plants absorb the organic contaminants with water and release them into air through their leaves.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phyto-degradation:<\/strong> In this process, plants use their tissues to metabolize and destroy the contaminants.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Phyto-stabilization:<\/strong> In this process, chemical compounds that are produced by the plant immobilize contaminants, rather than degrade them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Rhizofiltration:<\/strong> In this process, the plant roots are used to absorb, concentrate and precipitate contaminants from groundwater.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4163\" src=\"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Phytoremediation_Process.png\" alt=\"Phytoremediation_Process\" width=\"875\" height=\"755\" srcset=\"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Phytoremediation_Process.png 875w, https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Phytoremediation_Process-300x259.png 300w, https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Phytoremediation_Process-768x663.png 768w, https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Phytoremediation_Process-104x90.png 104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 875px) 100vw, 875px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fig: Phytoremediation Pathways.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[Source: <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Phytoremediation_Process.png\">File:Phytoremediation Process.png &#8211; Wikimedia Commons<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A number of plant species have been found to effectively remove toxic metals such as Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>, Cd<sup>2+<\/sup>, Cr<sup>2+<\/sup>, Ni<sup>2+<\/sup>, Pb<sup>2+<\/sup>, Zn<sup>2+<\/sup> from aqueous solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Plants used in \u2018Phytoremediation\u2019: <\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&nbsp;Some of the examples of plants used in phytoremediation practices are the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>No.<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Vern name<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Scientific name<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Water hyacinths<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Eichornia crassipes<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alfalfa<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Medicago sativa<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Kentucky bluegrass<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Poapratensis<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Coontail<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Ceratophyllum demersum<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">American Ponweed<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Potamogeton nodosus<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">6<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Common arrow-head<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Sagittaria latifolia<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rye Grass<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Lolium perennee<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">8<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bermuda Grass<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Cynodon dactylon<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">9<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Carrot<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Daucus carota<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">10<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"323\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sunflower<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"275\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Helianthus annuus<\/em><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>&nbsp;<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Why Phytoremediation should be opted?<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Phytoremediation could be a more suitable and applicable technique for the treatment of various types of contaminants. First of all, because of its lower operation and maintenance cost other than that of traditional processes both <em>in situ<\/em> and <em>ex situ<\/em>, it is easily affordable to anyone. Secondly, there are possibilities of recovery and reuse of valuable metals. Thirdly, it is a relatively least harmful and environment-friendly method because of the use of naturally occurring organisms in the entire operation. Fourthly, it increases soil health, yield and plant photochemicals. Last but not the least, plants can be grown without much effort and also can also be monitored easily.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><u>Conclusion<\/u><\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rapid industrialization has caused a financial prosperity. Simultaneously, it has created a curse affect to the environment. The environment is becoming increasingly more polluted; particularly the industrial air and water pollutants have grown as a prime hazard to the very existence of the living organisms in an aquatic environment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&nbsp;As mentioned above, phytoremediation can be considered as a complementary technology that can be used in lieu of mechanical conventional clean up technologies that often demand high capital inputs and are labour-intensive plus energy-requiring.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vasavi, A.; Usha, R. and Swamy, P.M. (2010). Phytoremediation- An overview review. <em>Journal of Industrial Pollution Control<\/em>. <strong>26<\/strong>. 83-88.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cunningham, S.D. and Ow, D.W. (1996). Promises and prospects of phytoremediation. <em>Plant Physiology<\/em>. <strong>110<\/strong>:715-719.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Phytoremediation_upload.pdf\">Download PDF<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chhan Kumar Kalita P.G. 2nd Semester, Department of Botany Nowgong College (Autonomous), Nagaon, Assam Introduction: Just as our body needs a balanced diet to stay healthy, the environment also needs a balanced amount of substances. If a substance is present in more than its threshold ratio or an unfavorable substance gets added, it pollutes the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,341],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-articles21st-issue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4162"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4167,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4162\/revisions\/4167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}