{"id":4302,"date":"2022-08-10T13:01:15","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T07:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/?p=4302"},"modified":"2022-12-05T13:01:13","modified_gmt":"2022-12-05T07:31:13","slug":"%e0%a6%a8%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%93%e0%a6%aa%e0%a7%8d%e0%a6%b2%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%ae-neoplasm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/babrone.avfu.ac.in\/blog\/?p=4302","title":{"rendered":"\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae (Neoplasm)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u09a1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b0<\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/b>\u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09cb\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u0995<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00b0<\/b><\/span><\/span> <\/b>\u09aa\u09c2\u09f0\u09f1\u09c0 \u09a1\u09c7\u0995\u09be<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018<\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u2019 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u099f\u09cb \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09f0 \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09b8\u09b9\u099c\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 \u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u0993 \u201c<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0\u201d \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09a4 \u201c\u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u201d \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u099f\u09cb \u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u09cb\u09f1\u09c7 \u09b6\u09c1\u09a8\u09bf\u099b\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09bf\u09b9\u09c7\u09a4\u09c1 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u09ac\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09b9\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u09c7\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09ae\u09bf \u098f\u0987 \u09b2\u09bf\u0996\u09a8\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09a4 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0\u09f0 \u09b8\u09b2\u09a8\u09bf \u2018\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u2019 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u099f\u09cb\u09b9\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09f1\u09b9\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf\u09ae<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae <\/span><\/span><\/span>(Neoplasm) <\/span><\/span>\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09c0\u0995 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Neo- <\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>; Plasia- <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u09ac\u09be \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09a4 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8\u0995\u09c8 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u099c\u09cd\u099e \u09ae\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09f0\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Mallory) (<\/span><\/span>\u09e7\u09ef\u09e7\u09ea<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u2018\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u2019\u09f0 \u09b8\u0982\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u099f\u09cb \u098f\u09a8\u09c7\u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u2013<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u2019 \u09b9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>\u09b2 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09f0 \u098f\u0995 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09af<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>\u09a4 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09e7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09a5\u0995\u09be\u0995\u09c8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09f1\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a2\u09bc\u09bf \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09e8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8\u0995\u09c8 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09f0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09bf\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09f0 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0 \u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09b9\u09c8\u099b\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u09c7\u0987\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09f0 \u09b2\u0997\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09f0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09f0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09be\u09a6\u09c3\u09b6\u09cd\u09af \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09f0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09f0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u09b6\u09c3\u0999\u09cd\u0996\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09ea<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u09a6\u09f0\u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09cd\u09af\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a8\u0995\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09eb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be\u09f0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0995\u09c8 \u09ac\u09c1\u099c\u09bf\u09ac \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09be\u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0985\u09f1\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09ac\u09f0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 \u099c\u09a8\u09be \u0997\u09c8\u099b\u09c7\u09f7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09f0\u09a3\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u0995 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Tumour) <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0993 \u0995\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u0997\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0996\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09f0 \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09f0 \u0993\u09aa\u09f0\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u0997 \u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be\u09f0 \u09a6\u09f0\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u09a0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 \u09ac\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u0986\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c3\u09ae\u09bf\u09f0 \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09ab\u09cb\u09b9\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae\u09be \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09a4 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c1\u09a8\u09be \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09f0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09f0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6 \u09ab\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u09a0\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u0995 \u0995\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae \u09ac\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09a4 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0995 \u0985\u0982\u0995\u09b2\u099c\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Oncology) (<\/span><\/span>\u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09c0\u0995 \u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Oncos = <\/span><\/span>\u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>+ Logos = <\/span><\/span>\u0985\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09af\u09bc\u09a8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09cb\u09b2\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u0995 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09ad\u0997\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09b9\u09df <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– (<\/span><\/span>\u0995<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09a8 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Benign) <\/span><\/span>\u0986\u09f0\u09c1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0996<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Malignant)<\/span><\/span>\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09a8 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09f0\u09a3\u09a4\u09c7 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u098f\u099c\u09a8\u09f0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u09a8\u0998\u099f\u09be\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span>\u0987 \u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09a2\u09bc\u09c7 \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09a6\u09c2\u09f0\u09c8\u09a4 \u09a5\u0995\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0982\u0997\u09b2\u09c8 \u09b8\u09cb\u0981\u099a\u09f0\u09bf \u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09b9\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 \u098f\u099f\u09be\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u0982\u0997\u09b2\u09c8 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09ae \u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09f0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09f0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u09cb\u0981\u099a\u09f0\u09bf \u09af\u09be\u09df <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Metastatis), <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u099b\u09b2\u09c8 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u099c\u09a8\u09f0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u0998\u099f\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u098f\u0987 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u099a\u09f0\u09be\u099a\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Cancer) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09ac\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099c\u09a8\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span>Cancer <\/span><\/span>\u09b6\u09ac\u09cd\u09a6\u099f\u09cb \u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ad\u09be\u09b7\u09be\u09f0 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u09b2\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09b9\u09c8\u099b\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09be\u09f0 \u0985\u09f0\u09cd\u09a5 \u0995\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u0981\u09f0\u09be <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09c7\u0995\u09cb\u0981\u09f0\u09be\u0987 \u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u0995\u09c8 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u0995 \u099a\u09c7\u09aa\u09bf \u09a7\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09a4\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09a6\u09f0\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0\u09c7\u0993 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09f0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0995 \u09a6\u09c3\u09a2\u09bc\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099c\u09c7\u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09a7\u09f0\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09b2\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09a4\u09b2\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u09a6\u09c1\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09be\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a6\u09f0\u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09cd\u09a5\u0995\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996 \u0995\u09f0\u09be \u09b9\u2019\u09b2 \u2013<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u09a8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09e7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09f0 \u09b9\u09be\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09c7 \u09b2\u09be\u09b9\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0996\u09f0\u09a4\u0995\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09e8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7 \u09b8\u09f0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09c8 \u09af\u09cb\u09f1\u09be <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Regression)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0993\u099a\u09f0\u09f0 \u0995\u09b2\u09be\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0995\u09ae \u09aa\u09f0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c7\u099b\u09bf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09ea<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0986\u0981\u09a4\u09f0\u09be\u0987 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09f0 \u09aa\u09bf\u099b\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09f0\u09a3\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

(<\/span><\/span>\u09eb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u09f0 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u09a8\u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09a6\u09bf\u09b9\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0\u099f\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0997\u09c1\u09f0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09f0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0985\u0982\u0997<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09c3\u09a6\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09ae\u0997\u099c\u09c1 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09a4 \u09a8\u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0993\u099a\u09f0\u09f0 \u0995\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09a4 \u0995\u09f0\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf\u09f0 \u0993\u09aa\u09f0\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09ad\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09f0\u09a3\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09c1 \u0998\u099f\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>(Predisposing causes) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09e7<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09a4<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09f0\u09a3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/u> \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0\u09a4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u09f0\u2019\u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u2019\u09ae\u09be \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u099c\u09f0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u099f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09f0\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0\u09a4 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09ab\u0987\u09a1 \u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u2019\u099a\u09bf\u099a \u09f0\u09cb\u0997<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u0993\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09c0\u09f1\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09f1\u09c7\u0987 \u09b9\u0993\u0995<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09a4\u09b9\u09c7 \u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u0995\u09c8 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09f0\u09a3\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c1\u09a2\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8\u09a4\u09b9\u09c7 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09f0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09f0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c1\u0995\u09c1\u09f0\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0\u09a4 \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u09b8 \u09eb \u09ac\u099b\u09f0 \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0\u09a4 \u09eb\u09e6 \u09ac\u099b\u09f0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09f7 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09f0\u09a3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u2019\u099a\u09be\u0987\u099f \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09f0 \u0995\u09cb\u09b7\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09f0\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09f0 \u09f0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c2\u09f0\u09cd\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09f0 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09f0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09f0 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09f0 \u0997\u09be\u09f0 \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09f0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u098f\u0987 \u09f0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7\u09f0 \u0985\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09bf\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u0997\u09be \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09a7\u09cb\u0981\u09f1\u09be\u09ac\u09f0\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0998\u09cb\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u2019\u09ae\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ea<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09b9\u09f0\u09cd\u200c\u09ae\u2019\u09a8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b9\u09f0\u09cd\u200c\u09ae\u2019\u09a8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u0987\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09f0\u2019\u099c\u09c7\u09a8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u099c\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09f0\u2019\u09a8 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09be\u09a4 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09b2\u2019\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u2013 \u0987\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09f0\u2019\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09f0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8\u09f0 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Definite causes) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09e7<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ad\u09cc\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Physical causes)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(i) <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09f0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09f0\u09a3 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u099b\u09be\u09b2\u09f0 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 \u09f7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) <\/span><\/span>\u0985\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09c0\u09df\u09be \u09f0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf\u09f0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09f0\u09a3 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(UVB 280-320 nm) – DNA <\/span><\/span>\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09ae\u09bf\u0989\u099f\u09c7\u09b6\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Mutation) <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09f0\u09c7 \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u099f\u09bf\u0989\u09ae\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) <\/span><\/span>\u099c\u09c7\u09f0\u2019\u09a1\u09be\u09f0\u09cd\u09ae\u09be \u09aa\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u2019\u099a\u09be\u09ae <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Zeroderma pigmentosum) – <\/span><\/span>\u0987 \u098f\u09ac\u09bf\u09a7 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09f0 \u09ac\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09a4 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>‘<\/span><\/span>\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>DNA <\/span><\/span>\u09ae\u09c7\u09f0\u09be\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7\u099a\u0995\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Enzyme) <\/span><\/span>\u0985\u09ad\u09be\u09f1 \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>; <\/span><\/span>\u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c2\u09f0\u09cd\u09af\u09cd\u09af\u09f0 \u09aa\u09cb\u09b9\u09f0\u09f0 \u0985\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09f0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u09aa\u09f0\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u099b\u09be\u09b2\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0 \u09b6\u09c1\u0995\u09be\u09a8 \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09f0\u0999\u09c0\u09a8 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Pigmented) <\/span><\/span>\u09b9\u09c8 \u09aa\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0997\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u0987 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09f0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09f0 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09bf\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(iv) <\/span><\/span>\u0986\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09f0\u09a3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>\u09f0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u09f0\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09bf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0997\u09be\u09ae\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09f0\u09a3 \u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(v) I<\/span><\/span>131 <\/span><\/span><\/sup>–<\/span><\/span>\u098f \u09a5\u09be\u0987\u09f0\u09af\u09bc\u09a1 \u098f\u09a1\u09bf\u09a8\u2019\u09ae\u09be \u0995\u09f0\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) <\/span><\/span>\u09f0\u09c7\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u0985\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u2019\u099a\u09be\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u2019\u09ae\u09be \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09b2\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u09df\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09f0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Chemical causes)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09f0 \u09f0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u0987\u0993 \u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7 \u2013 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Dimethyl sulfoxide, Benzanthraene <\/span><\/span>\u0987\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a6\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u099c\u09c8\u09f1\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Biological causes)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

(i) <\/span><\/span>\u09ac\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09f0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter hepaticus<\/i><\/span><\/span> \u0986\u09a6\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) <\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09c7\u09b2\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09c3\u09ae\u09bf<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>Spirocerca lupi, Schistosoma haematobium<\/i><\/span><\/span> \u0986\u09a6\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(iii) <\/span><\/span>\u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09f0\u09be\u099b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>– Pox <\/span><\/span>\u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09f0\u09be\u099b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, Herpes <\/span><\/span>\u09ad\u09be\u0987\u09f0\u09be\u099b \u0986\u09a6\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09ea<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/b><\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09c1\u09f0\u09a3\u09bf \u0998\u0981\u09b9\u09a8\u09bf <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Chronic irritation)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u09aa\u09c1\u09f0\u09a3\u09bf \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be\u09f0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09f0\u09c7 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u0998\u0981\u09b9\u09a8\u09bf\u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u0993\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u099c\u09ae\u09f0 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0989<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09f0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09f0\u09c2\u09aa\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa \u099a\u09bf\u0997\u09be\u09f0\u09c7\u099f\u09b8\u09c7\u09f1\u09c0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Clay-pipe smokers) <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0993\u0981\u09a0\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa \u099a\u09bf\u0997\u09be\u09f0\u09c7\u099f\u09b8\u09c7\u09f1\u09c0 \u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u09f0 \u0993\u0981\u09a0\u09f0 \u098f\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u09a0\u09be\u0987\u09a4\u09b9\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c7\u0993\u0981\u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09be\u0987\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b2 \u09a7\u09f0\u09bf \u09f0\u09be\u0996\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u0993\u0981\u09a0\u09f0 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a0\u09be\u0987\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09f1\u09c7 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09b2\u0997\u09a4\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09f0 \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u0995\u09be\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u099f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Kangri baskets)<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09f0\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9 \u0997\u09f0\u09ae \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09f0\u09be\u0996\u09bf\u09ac\u09b2\u09c8 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09b9\u09f0 \u0996\u09f0\u09be\u09b9\u09c0\u09f0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09f0\u09a4 \u098f\u099f\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09f0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0 \u09f0\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0987\u099f\u09cb\u09f0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09f0\u09a4 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf \u09a5\u0995\u09be \u0986\u0999\u09a0\u09be \u09f0\u09be\u0996\u09bf \u09b8\u09c7\u0987\u099f\u09cb \u0995\u09be\u09aa\u09cb\u09f0\u09f0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09f0\u09a4 \u09b8\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u0987 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09f0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09f0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09cb\u09a4 \u09b2\u09be\u0997\u09bf \u09a5\u0995\u09be\u0995\u09c8 \u09f0\u09be\u0996\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u099f\u099f\u09cb\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u0982\u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u099f \u09ac\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0995\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09ae\u09c0\u09f0\u09bf \u09b8\u0995\u09b2\u09f0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09f0\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u099f \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>(Abdomen) <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0\u09f0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3 \u098f\u0987\u09af\u09bc\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u09aa\u09c7\u099f\u09f0 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09cb\u09a4 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09f0 \u09ac\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u0998\u0981\u09b9\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 <\/span><\/span><\/span>(Irritation) <\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u099a\u09c1\u099f\u09cd\u099f\u09be<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>\u099a\u09bf\u0997\u09be\u09f0\u09c7\u099f<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u>\u09b8\u09c7\u09f1\u09c0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u> <\/u><\/span>(Chutta-smokers)<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09cd\u09f0\u09aa\u09cd\u09f0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09f0 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u099c\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7 \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u099a\u09bf\u0997\u09be\u09f0\u09c7\u099f \u09b8\u09c7\u09f1\u09a8 \u0995\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u09bf\u099f\u09cb\u09f0 \u099c\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u09bf \u09a5\u0995\u09be \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09cb \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09f0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09f0\u09a4 \u09f0\u09be\u0996\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u098f\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b2\u09cb\u0995\u09f0 \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09f0 \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09a4 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          \u099c\u09cb\u0999\u09be \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a4 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09a4 \u09a5\u0995\u09be \u099c\u09cb\u0999\u09be \u09a6\u09be\u0981\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u09b9\u09f0\u09b9 \u0998\u0981\u09b9\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09f0 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            \u09aa\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09bf \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09ac\u09c3\u0995\u09cd\u0995\u09a4 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Stone)<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u09aa\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09bf \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u09ac\u09c3\u0995\u09cd\u0995\u09a4 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09a5\u09f0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8\u09f0 \u09aa\u09f0\u09be \u0998\u0981\u09b9\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7 \u09aa\u09bf\u099b\u09b2\u09c8 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09a4 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 \u09b9\u2019\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n

              \u09af\u09c1\u0981\u09f1\u09b2\u09bf <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span>(Yoke)<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u09af\u09bf\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0 \u0997\u09f0\u09c1\u0995 \u09af\u09c1\u0981\u09f1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09f1\u09b9\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09ae\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09f0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09b8\u09c7\u0987\u09ac\u09cb\u09f0\u09a4 \u09ac\u09b9\u09c1\u09a6\u09bf\u09a8 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09f0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09cb\u09a4 \u0998\u0981\u09b9\u09a8\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u0987 \u09a5\u0995\u09be\u09f0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u09b6\u09bf\u0999\u09f0 \u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Horn cancer) <\/span><\/span>\u09b9\u2019\u09ac \u09aa\u09be\u09f0\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u098f\u09a8\u09c7\u09a6\u09f0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09a4 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b9\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09a6\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09f1\u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c1\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ac\u09be <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0995\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09be\u09f0<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09af\u09be\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u098f\u099c\u09a8 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b2\u09bf\u0997\u09cd\u200c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09b9\u2019\u09b2\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09a4\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u099c\u09a8\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u09b9\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09f0 \u0993\u09aa\u09f0\u09a4 \u09a8\u09bf\u09f0\u09cd\u09ad\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09cb \u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09c7\u09a1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>I, II, III <\/span><\/span>\u0986\u09f0\u09c1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>IV –<\/span><\/span>\u098f\u0987 \u099a\u09be\u09f0\u09bf\u099f\u09be \u09ad\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09f0\u09be \u09b9\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09af\u2019\u09a4 \u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09c7\u09a1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>I <\/span><\/span>\u09b9\u2019\u09b2 \u0986\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09a4\u0995\u09c8 \u0995\u09ae \u0986\u09f0\u09c1 \u0997\u09cd\u09f0\u09c7\u09a1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>IV <\/span><\/span>\u09b9\u2019\u09b2 \u0986\u099f\u09be\u0987\u09a4\u0995\u09c8 \u09ac\u09c7\u099b\u09bf<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              \u09ac\u09f0\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09f1\u09b9\u09be\u09f0 \u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u0995\u09f0\u09cd\u0995\u099f \u09f0\u09cb\u0997 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09f0\u09be\u09f0 \u09b2\u0997\u09a4\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09f1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u0993 \u0989\u09aa\u09b2\u09ac\u09cd\u09a7 \u09b9\u09c8\u099b\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u099f\u09cb \u098f\u099c\u09a8 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u09f0 \u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u0986\u09f0\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u2019\u09b2\u09c7 \u09f0\u09cb\u0997\u09c0\u099c\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09f0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5 \u09b9\u09c8 \u0989\u09a0\u09be\u09f0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09f1\u09a8\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a2\u09bc\u09bf \u09af\u09be\u09df<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u09b8\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b9\u09c7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u09a6\u09c7\u09b9\u09a4 \u09a6\u09c7\u0996\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09be \u09af\u09bf\u0995\u09cb\u09a8\u09cb \u09a7\u09f0\u09a3\u09f0 \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09f1\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09b2\u09ae \u09a8\u0995\u09f0\u09bf \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u0995\u09f0 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c1\u09f1\u09be\u0987 \u0986\u09f0\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09a3\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09f0\u09c0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u0995\u09f0\u09cb\u09f1\u09be \u0989\u099a\u09bf\u09a4<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

              References:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n

                Drvet online vet e-classes (<\/span><\/span>www.drvet.in<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u>).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              2. \n

                Book:<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  \n
                1. \n

                  \u201cVeterinary Pathology\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, 7<\/span><\/span><\/span>th<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sup> Edition by Ganti A. Sastry and P. Rama Rao.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                2. \n

                  \u201cA Textbook of Veterinary General Pathology\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, 2<\/span><\/span><\/span>nd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/sup> Edition by J.L. Vegad.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Download PDF<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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